Another important year is 1949, as many Chinese cross the Taiwan strait and rush over to cities and rural districts to receive the lost land & people. Eminent politicians of national government brings one million troops & outfits, golden in the vault of Nan king Central bank , antique treasures from repository of palace museum of Peking, well-off entrepreneurs, leading scholars, sophisticated public servants and endeavor citizens to Taiwan & engaged in construction and enterprises promoting & replacing most shabby war ruins to concrete or steel skeleton contemporary architecture. The process of progress can be clearly marked by the height of buildings. For Taiwan stands upon the Pacific seismic belt where heights of buildings are lower to resist the shaking the earth whenever seismic happens. In the early years, technical knowledge were confined until later years, the researches of structure engineers and geology scientists solved the difficulties on structural lateral forces. It start from two stories flats masons that brick layers, carpenters & shallow earth work labors are the main stem of building force.The taller forth stories row houses appear in later years are using concrete conveying, pouring, steel bar nets making & forms boards erecting workers. Then comes to seven stories apartments with elevators & luxury condominiums, & finally, 11, 40 & 100 stories high rise towers need more skillful technicians to cutting, wielding, lifting & installing steel components creates skeletons architecture one after another that marks a new horizon to cities. New skylines appears from north to south accessing toward modernized urban.
The most foregoing leading architects of that time are list below, namely;
Off Song Sheng Lin Shumin Li Matsuura Roanoke Chapter Yeshu Yuan Zhang Changhua limber years He heard Yang Bai Lie Yangzhuo Cheng repair Zeeland Huang Baoyu Fu Kuan Wu Er-Lie Yu said town Zhang Delin Zhengding Bang Guohua Wang Jichang Wang Hong Wu Mei heart Hu Zhaohui Chen Zhao Li Po Duo beads statue Yi Shen excellent Shen Er Peng Qu Book Club perch Yuk Chun Chen W ST Mey growth outlook Tao Shen quince sea, fragrant Hong, Su Jin Duo, Ke Fu, Li Paul Tudor length Ming, Wang Jichang, Zhengding Bang ....... etc.
The Korean war out bursts on 25 June 1950, & on 27, the US president Truman dispatches US 7th fleet to Taiwan strait in order to prevent the hostilities between communist and nationalist China, that changes Mao's attempt of liberating Taiwan and plunging his army into an international warfare to against the invasion troops of US and UN The US naval stations the fleet headquarter in Taipei that booms local economic increasing markets activates by import & export commodity between HK, Okinawa & Taiwan. the daily expense for GI & the purposes to supply the war, enforce American to updated industry technology, advancing ideas to Taiwan, through the introduction of the USIS, AIDM and agencies of the United Nations, that gives real & practical assistance to a long term suffering people in many needs of real life and increasing national productivity, promoting industry levels. improving Medical potential, raising economic strength, widening academic researching outlooks, stronger national competence. Educational facilities have been added, urban features and public works have been innovated. Many university graduates are aspirating & encouraged to continue post-university studies in the USA The American democracy are prevailing, finally blossoms flower of freedom on this fertile land of racial mingling and culture conflicting society, but fuses up harmoniously. Taiwan has halted the martial law in later years, constitutional congress commenced and free election allows Taiwanese to choose their own assembly men & women, & at last the general presidential elections.Teaching on city planning and building engineering was begun before 1944, at Tainan in a technical vocation school under the assignment of Japanese governor, masters like (Eagle Rock Chien Yen hoses, etc.) were teaching architecture to Japanese & Taiwanese students. After recovery, it was principled by professors Zhu Zun Yi, Ye Shuyuan, Jin Changming, Wang Jichang, horse power to fly, He remarks, Hu Zhaohui, Liang Xiaohong from China, & Guo Baichuan. Chen Wanrong from local or Japan, the goals was firstly eccentrically toward civil engineering nevertheless Japanese had traced after Western contemporary architecture, that include functionalism. the practicing architects in occupation era to be classified as B level by the nationalist government in order to differ from A level architects from China. The teaching ideals have not been altered until the 60's under the great amount of aids of US & UN, conceptions of total architecture & lessons of pure designing to be introduced by advocates scholars from Pennsylvania (USA) & local endeavors. but this innovation is less than perfection, for the change has arose problems, such as sacrificing former trained students from further acquiring of profound knowledge, competency & a share a from this business. For too fanatic zeal in remarks of masters & examples of influential top works lead students drop into a state of hypnosis, working in the night, skip lectures in the daytime, mimic and exceeding appreciations to dreaming future projects from photos, neglecting realities & inherent cultural milieu, lead a mania lasts for years even after their graduation. Further more the selection of practitioners tells a different story which is not a consensus way as compare to the classroom teachings. Generally, a test for a license acquires by correctly answering 3 questions out of 5 static determinate or indeterminate structure problems, constitution of ROC, Chinese literacy, building codes or history of architecture, quantity estimation and a layout of a given specific type of building in one July afternoon.
The architecture department of Chung Kung University, Tainan, where I attended from 1959 to 1964 was an engineer origin, but intermittent adding humanism features and obliterate engineering traditions and finally In 2014, on the 70 anniversary, the department head, professor Wu (Wu Joji) releases a lecture on the topic of "What can our department do for Taiwan". He announces his purpose is not only a vocational education but also to sustain & improve existing engagers. He questions that what is architecture & how the architect creates. The Beaux Arts and Poly Tech are two main stems; the philosophical (metaphysical) and physical (non-metaphysical) aspects of his art, both are complementary existences They are the dragon head of this profession;. like the Sphinx of Egypt, the architects are the top of Pyramids; are selected models of Taiwan society He loves architecture, students & is enthusiasm;. always keeps his inside deeper, outside wider; humble; his perceptible knowledge after the form of circles that cover the most areas & its circum extend the longest length among the rests. He hopes that every teacher shall to take the department to be his ones home, take colleague for folks, students for children. He shall do his best & handle the rod of power to his successor happily. However, from this autumn on, the CK (success) university has a five years architecture depart only, along side Chun Yuan (Central), Tung Hai (East Sea) ... universities. It is easy to establish a new school of design in any university, and not necessary to close an existing engineering department, and repulsing all former students. Decent citizens shall be treasured by the society, and is not mater with the occupations.
In considering the whole procession of choosing architect has little concerns to obtain a visionary of the future but a practical managers to serve the family. Among all applicants. As a matter of fact, have little experience are still a layman, do not equipped the ability of engaging into this business which require a long period of practical working in architect's office. In lack of professional training & knowledge often leads some of them drop out in the profession field. As a matter of fact, many av'ant ideas or modern construction methods are under preserving right of patents, is not permit of using the inventions even have a license, it has nothing to do with the exams. At last, the qualifications are partly became a privilege to manage the purchase. Architects turn out to be mangers of offices, little with proficiency in the developing of their own ideals, lift up quality of architecture, letting cityscape heirs beautiful exotic icons & ugly monotonous moderns, permitting multicultural outlooks of hybrid breed origins spoils our cities. It also endangers in the suspect of intellectual property offence, if there are any.
To make up to these deficiencies, a shortcut is given to doctorate elite scholars, architecture teachers, proficient executives, engineers, heads of big projects and recommended candidates to obtain a license through the assessments of examination authorities.
The rewards of architects are approximately 5% of the total building cost that excluded water pipes & electricity supplies installations, elevators & other fixed machines, landscape expenditures. The rest portion contains 66.5% building material & 28.50% labor fare.
To release a license is very cautious, because in a confined market like Taiwan, out numbered architects shall create an ecological disaster of underfunded monetary environment which causes insufficient incomes to sustain offices, & deficient architecture. But in the other peripheral fields, such as market consultant, development executives, real estate management, government functions, digital science & etc. are underdeveloped and good enough to afford a fair living.
On 24, Oct. 1945 Republic of China withdraws from the United Nation, all assistance from UN has been stopped. But the economical taking off of Taiwan continues. Timber Ta-Ta mi houses have been demolished one after another and are circulated by forth stories rowed apartment in most populous communities.
Breaks Diploma in 1979 U.S. relationship with Taiwan, all Commercial, Cultural, business and Maintained Other relations are under the Substituted Taiwan Relations Act Signed by Carter administration on April 10, That was subdued to the laws of the District of Columbia . & without Official Government representation and formal diplomatic status.
In older days, Aboriginal people in Taiwan includes five tribes, generally habits in dwellings of slat, low & primitive, half buried under ground to avoid the hits of tropic hurricanes. Early Chinese people uses clay brick, wooden post, ceramic tile to erect houses which walls of lime furnishes on all sides with tiny slot openings that inlets scarce sunlight & fresh air flow. The official buildings are in Chinese Palace style, post & lintel system, timber frames are totally similar to the mainland, and all habits are enclosed within City walls securing Complete Security in nights. The Aesthetics & Philosophy of Building method of architecture, advanced Since DC 1900 are paralleling Developed to the modern movements of the Western, chronological Orders are Classicism, Modernism, eclecticism, B Eaux (that Employing French, Italian baroque and Rococo formulas ), Mannerism, Realism. Rationalism, internationalism, decomposition & ... etc. architecture, ...., in Addition to a world Realization upon Western Cultural History & evolution from Christianity to Byzantine, Arabia, medieval ERA, enlightenment, romanticism, realistic, rationalism, industrialization, France Revolution, discovery of American continent, American independence war, movement of democracy, first & second World wars, A-bomb. The discoveries in science & technology ... etc. are all relevant to the promotions of living environments & architectural style in Taiwan. Today's graphic design & industrial design are also under the dominant theory of modernism which derive from Russia spreading to German, America and the rest of the world. At present, ninety nine percent of visual works are complied to the principles of modernism.
The accelerated traffic speed, great volume & transportation capacity shortening distance from place to place, changes the mutual relationship between people also cast influence to the ideals of paintings, drawings, rewrite appearance of cities in many faces. Poly plastic & other new material differ accessions of life making the streets clearer, brighten broad & safer. While TVset, wide openings, convenient electricity outfits promote quality of life too ... but in comparing to the leading countries Taiwan is still inferior in many aspects.that leave a spacious space to struggle for. How to deal with natural disasters such as over flood, earth rock flows, typhoon, seismic damages as well as technique of utilizing solar, windy energy, lessen working hours, increasing daily pleasure, free education, normal medical care, attending of aged people, promoting social welfare & green architecture ... etc. are new lessons for today's Taiwan architects.
Below are completed influential architecture which discloses a likeness of similarity inside essence and peculiar outside appearance ..
(Taipei):. National science education center, Grand hotel, Martyr's shrine, Miramar entertainment park, Taipei fine art museum, Songshan air terminal, Shin kong dept story, Chang gung & other hospitals, Taipei arena, dept stories, Taipei 101, Wieshow cinemas, Technology building, Universities, MRT stations, National concert hall, theater & CKSmemorial hall, Sun yat san memorial, Ministry of foreign affairs.
(Tainan): Hospitals, Dept stories, canal, high speed rail station.
(Taichun): Universities, Shopping centers, Museum, Museum of fine art, hospitals, Science museum, Cultural center, Railway stations.
(Kaohsiung): Confucius Temple, Hospitals, Railway terminal & station, MRT stations, Night markets, Shopping centers, Dept stories, Zoo, Air port, High rise towers, Museum of fine art.
(Shin Juo): Universities, Nuclear reaction installation, Electronic accelerator.
(Keelung): Ship yards, Harbor reception building, Hotels.
<And national parks, forest recreational parks, tropical botanic garden, forestry experiment station or farms, leisure farms, resort farms in the rural or mountain area, Industrial parks.
Personally, the architecture of today's Taiwan is very conservative , roams around on the road of Rationalism ,or Early Modernism . Only a few contemporary architecture can be found
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